Types of gemstones | ( Diamonds )
( Diamonds )
Diamond is a material with a crystalline structure, a cube-shaped in most cases and sometimes in the form of an eight-faceted consists of a large proportion of carbon or aspiring coal-fired, under the extreme heat and pressure ..
One of the hardest natural materials and the highest value, because of its hardness, it survives more, and is used widely in America, Europe, Japan and some Arab countries, to decorate the wedding and engagement rings. Diamond is used also in the industry, cutting, crushing and piercing other solids. Only 50% of the amount of diamonds produced globally is suitable for industrial purposes. A small proportion of overall production of diamonds is used in the manufacture of ornamental jewelry.
Diamond has been cherished among the people through the ages because it's beautiful, breathtaking, and hard and its skilled fellers can convert rough diamond to wonderful jewels.
The nature and composition of the diamond
The crystals consist almost entirely of carbon, but some of these crystals are six-sided, i.e., hexagonal, but most eight-faceted and there are other forms of crystals, some with complex shapes. Natural diamonds consist in the upper mantle of the Earth i.e. under the crust, due to the intense temperature and pressure, then moves to the Earth's surface by volcanic activity.
To cut or crush a diamond, another diamond must be used, however, and a sharp blow can break the diamond to a flat surface, given the property of cleavage. The cleavage is a property of many metals can be broken in specific directions, and result in consistent flat surfaces.
Diamond doesn�t melt in acids, but it may crash if subjected to high temperature, and then heated in the presence of oxygen, it burns and produces carbon dioxide, but if heated without the presence of oxygen, it is converted to graphite, a form of very fine forms of carbon and can be used to dilute lubricant friction.
The whereabouts of the natural diamond
diamond is found thousands of years ago, in the sediment of sand and gravel of riverbeds. The diamonds found in this way was called alluvial diamonds. Diamond was discovered in South Africa for the first time in 1867, when a farmer found a beautiful diamond near the Orange River. It has been proved a large diamond crystal. It also diamonds are discovered in kimberlite for the first time in 1870. A rare rock consists of tubular objects in the past was filled with some of the craters of volcanoes, and in 1979 a huge deposit massy in Western Australia was discovered, it�s a rare kind of rocks which called Lambroit. It is noted that, even in rocks and sediments rich in diamonds, tons of rocks must be mined and milled to get one small diamond. One carat of diamonds produces nearly around 200 mg in some mines, each with 2.7 metric tons of rock.
The production of diamond mines in the world reached by the late nineties of the twentieth century to about 100 million carats per year. And Australia is at the forefront of countries in terms of annual production of natural diamonds as producing one-third of global production, followed by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire), and also includes a list of producing countries of Botswana, South Africa and Russia.
How to cut a diamond to formulate jewelry?
The most important aesthetic qualities of diamonds are sparkling and shining. This is a result of high ability to reflect light to the colors of the rainbow. For more luster as possible, we have to cut the urgent need to draw a small, refining and polishing these aspects, and each of these small faces must have the correct size and shape, and must be placed exactly at the proper angle for the object of the other.
During the fifth century, makers learn how to make diamond shines using the wheel-ferrous plated with diamond dust, and thus they found it even more glamorous. The types of pieces now prevailing circular shape with a 58 aside, the so-called brilliant pieces began this style of the pieces in the seventeenth century AD. Diamond saws are used to cut the diamond accurately, and thus can reduce the waste which its volume estimated its weight by carat which is equal to 200 milligrams. It is not necessarily that the diamonds that have the same weight have the same diameter.
How to Evaluate Diamonds
Gems are classified according to the weight, purity and color, cut and style. Its weight is estimated by carat. The clarity is decreased for several reasons including the existence of a bug within the crystals and bubbles and cracks small chapel, which it's called feathers. The finest and the most expensive diamond is the completely colorless; to this, the little-known cut diamond meet this requirement.
Many pieces of yellow, other colors of black or blue or brown or green or pink or purple or red. Red is the color most scarce among natural diamonds. The value of the diamonds is adopted on the way of composition. The well cut diamond has the sparkle that the less skillfully cut one lacks.
Who wants to buy urgently, must consult professionals, such as deans (elders) chapel, with different names of the precious stones varies greatly, as well as the terms and conditions which are classified based upon this gem, jewel-free from defects is a jewel that has no cosmetic defects, such as cracks, scratches, bubbles and impurities or gloomy, and does not have to be completely colorless. Cutting the rough diamond and its polishing process is slow and costly, and must be carried out by skillful artisans.
The Famous Diamonds
1- Cullinan diamond
Is the largest diamond known in the world have found in mine Premiere in Alturnsgal South Africa in 1905 and when she was found, weighing more than three times any diamond known at that time, the dimensions of a crude 10 � 5, 6 � 5 centimeters and weighs 3106 carats (about 600 G) has been donated to the Government of Altrsingal Edward VII of England in the gala birthday and made this more urgent than a hundred a piece of polished and the largest weighing 2.530 carat Star of Africa now called the largest polished diamond in the world.
2- Juncker diamond
In 1934, Juncker diamond was found, weighing 726 carats and was told that the purity is unprecedented, and cut to 12 gems, that was between 1935 and 1937. Its largest one weights 125 carats. The Orlof diamond is the most beautiful Russian crown diamond. Prince Orlof bought to the Empress Catherine II, it was said that this jewel was stolen from the large eye of one of the Indian temple's goddesses. The Kohi Noor diamond is now one of the British crown and it was one of the property of Indian and Persian rulers for several centuries, and then moved to Britain when the ownership of its occupation of the Punjab in 1849.
3- Regent diamond
Regent diamond was known in the past by Bit diamond, one of the gems of India and one of the most beautiful diamonds in terms of the way cut, which is now the property of the French government and are displayed in the Louvre in Paris and, finally, recall the hope of the Blue diamond, which became the property of Foundation Smithsonian in the United States 1958.
Industrial uses of diamond
Diamond is used which can not be made to Gemstone, in the industry.
This includes diamond used in industry, rough diamonds of bad configuration, which contains cracks, color is bright or impurities, and the manufacturers use these diamonds to form the solid elements used in the automotive industry, aircraft and different machines, and uses of diamonds in these industries because of its hardness, as it can cut, grind and drill solid elements with speed and accuracy in some cases placed rough diamonds fully in the industrial tools and sometimes break the rough diamonds, then used industrially, and uses the diamond as well as on the outskirts of the rigs in the mines, as well as used to make needles (teeth) recording devices.
Types of gemstones
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